Air pollution is a pressing environmental issue that affects countries worldwide, including Nigeria. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed analysis of the causes, effects, and mitigation strategies of air pollution in Nigeria. The novelty of this review lies in its comprehensive approach, analyzing various sources and types of air pollution in Nigeria. It explores both outdoor and indoor sources, including industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, biomass burning, and household cooking fuels. The review also examines the effects of air pollution on human health, climate change, and ecosystem degradation. The methods of review includes a review of relevant literature, data collection from government reports and research studies. The results presents key findings from the review, highlighting the main causes and effects of air pollution in Nigeria. It also identifies existing mitigation strategies and their effectiveness in reducing air pollution. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies to address air pollution in Nigeria. It highlights the importance of collaborative efforts between stakeholders to reduce emissions, promote clean energy alternatives, and enhance air quality monitoring systems.